Adjectives |
الصفــة :ـ هـى كلمـة لوصـف الاسـم ( عاقـل أو غيـر عـاقل ) والصفـة لا تجمـع ولا يسبقهـا أداه.
-He is tall. -He is a tall man . -It's a new car .
-They are tall men . -They are new cars.
تستخدم الصفات عادة بعد ( verb to be) وبعد وأفعال أخري مثل look / seem / appear / taste / feel / sound / smell:
· It was cold. · She looks ill. · The food smells bad.
¨الصفات المنتهية بـ ed تستخدم للعاقل و الصفات المنتهية بـ ing تستخدم لغير العاقل
مبهر fascinating | منبهر fascinated | ممل boring | يشعر بالملل bored |
مدهش amazing | مندهش amazed | مرعب terrifying | مرعوب terrified |
Comparison of Adjective صفات المقارنة
¨أولا الصفات قصيرة المقطع:- للمقارنة بين اثنين نضيف للصفة (er)وتليها كلمة (than)
وللمقارنة بين أكثر من اثنين نضيف للصفة (est)وتسبقها كلمة (the)
صفة قصيرة المقطع | عنـد المقـارنـة بين اثنين | عنـد المقـارنـة بين اكثر من اثنين |
……الصفة…… er than | the …… الصفة …… est | |
tallطويل | taller than | the tallest |
young صغير | younger than | the youngest |
narrower ضيق | narrower than | the narrowest |
¨نضيف ( er) في حالة الصفات القصيرة التي تنتهي ب ( y ) بعد تقلب (y) إلي ( ( i :
happy | happier | happier | funny | funnier | funnier |
heavy | heavier | heavier | easy | easier | easier |
¨إذا انتهت الصفة القصيرة بحرف متحرك يليه ساكن قصير نضاعف الحرف الأخير
big | bigger than | the biggest | Fat | fatter than | the fattest |
¨اذا كانت الصفة القصيرة تنتهي بـ (e ) نضيف في المقارنة r ) ) فقط وفي التفضيل ( st)
wide | wider than | the Widest | nice | nicer than | the nicest |
¨Å ثانيا الصفات الطويلة:
¨ثانيا الصفات طويلة المقطع:- للمقارنة بين اثنين نضع للصفة بين ( more\less……adj….than )
وللمقارنة بين أكثر من اثنين نضع للصفة بعد ( the most\least……adj…..)
صفة طويلة المقطع | عنـد المقـارنـة بين اثنين | عنـد المقـارنـة بين اكثر من اثنين |
Beautiful | more ( less ) beautiful than | the most ( least ) beautiful |
Interesting | more ( less ) interesting than | the most ( least ) interesting |
¨He is taller than me. ¨He is shorter than me . ¨He is the tallest one. ¨He is the shortest one .
¨She is more beautiful than her sister ¨She is the most beautiful girl .
¨She is less beautiful than her sister . ¨She is least beautiful girl .
¨في حالة التساوي في الصفة: نضع الصفة بين as……………as
¨John is as tall as Peter. ¨Ramy is as old as Reda.
¨في حالة النفي نستخدم:
not as … صفة. … as
not so … صفة. … as
1- Ramy is older than Hassan. (as) 2- Arabic is not as difficult as Engliah. (easier)
- Hassan isn’t as old as Ramy. - Arabic is easier than Engliah.
3- I didn’t expect her to be so smart. (smarter)
- She was smarter than I expected.
XLondon is colder than Cairo. (not as ………… as)
XLondon is not as hot as Cairo. عكسنا الصفة
Cairo is not as cold as London. عكسنا الأسماء
ملاحظــات :ـ يمكن تحويل الجملة الآتية إلى صيغة المقارنة كالآتى :
صفـة المقـارنـة تحـول إلى تفضيـل?
ªNo orator واعظ in Egypt is better than Him.
ªHe is the best orator in Egypt.
(No + noun صفـة التفضيـل تحـول إلى مقـارنـة باستخدام ( اسم ?
¨Prophet Mohamed was the best leader in history.
¨No leader in history is better than Prophet Mohamed.
§The Nile is the longest river in the world.
§No river in the world is longer than the Nile.
( No one )صفـة المقـارنة بين اثنين تحـول إلى مسـاواة منفيـة باستخدام ?
*Ahmed is better than any other one in the class . ( No one )
*No one is as good as Ahmed in the class .
صفـة المساواة المنفـية تحـول إلى مقـارنـة:- ونبدأ الجملة بالطرف الثانى فى المقارنة.?
4-Nadia is not as clever as Mahmoud.
4-Mahmoud is cleverer than Nadia.
¨Ashraf is not as intelligent as Abd el-rahman.
¨Abd Al-rahman is more intelligent than Ashraf.
لاحظ استخدام المضارع التام بعد صفة التفضيل. ?
-It’s the most interesting book I’ve ever read.
( never / not ) | مضـارع تـام منفـى بـ |  | صفـة تفضيــل ( مقـارنة بين اثنين ) |
This / It’s + | صفــة تفضيــل |  | (ever ) مضارع تام يحتوى على |
ªI have never seen a match better than this one. ( best )
ªThis match is the best match I’ve ever seen.
ªI have never read a book more interesting than this book. ( the most )
ªIt’s the most interesting book I’ve ever read.
ªI haven't met a girl cleverer than Gihad. ( cleverest )
ªGihad is the cleverest girl I’ve ever met.
§لاحظ الاسم من الصفات الآتية:
as + صفة + as = the same + اسم + aslong | Length | old | age | far | distance | expensive | price |
wide | width | deep | depth | high | height | big | size |
¨Your house is as high as mine. (height)
¨Your house is the same height as mine.
§لا تستخدم the قبل صفة التفضيل في حالة وجود ضمير ملكية قبل الصفة:
¨It was his biggest achievement in Chemistry.
¨يمكن استخدام صفتي مقارنة للدلالة علي التغير المستمر في شيء ¨ولاحظ أن الصفة بعد and تأخذ نفس شكل الصفة قبلها.
¨It becomes harder and harder to find a job.
¨It becomes more and more difficult to find a job.
¨These days more and more people are learning English.
¨The weather is getting colder and colder.
Exercise |
Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets:
1. Paris is colder than Cairo . ( as hot as )
2. Gold is the most valuable metal . ( more )
3. This man is the fastest runner in the world . ( faster )
4. Ahmed is cleverer than any other accountant . ( cleverest )
5. No player in the team is better than Ali . ( best )
6. If you work more , you'll get more money . ( The …)
7. This is the happiest day in my life . ( not )
8. I didn't understand what he said . ( tall )
9. It's years since I saw a film as exciting as that. ( more exciting )
10. Microsoft Company is the most famous one . ( No company )
11. The Nile is the longest river in the world. ( No river )
12. I have never seen such a beautiful girl . ( ever )
2) Find the mistakes and correct the sentences:
1- This car is as older as my car. ( )
2- Ahmad is the better student in the class. ( )
5- Everest is highest than Kilimanjaro . ( )
6- Kilimanjaro is not as high than Everest. ( )
7- Part two is most difficult than part one. ( )
9- The older tree in the world is nearly 10,000 years old. ( )
10- My friend had a problem , he was in a light corner. ( )
11- That is least interesting film I have ever seen. ( )
12- English is more easier than Chinese. ( )
13- This is most exciting match I have ever seen. ( )
14- The higher point of the mountain is called summit. ( )
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